2023 Facile Synthesis of Catechol-Containing Polyacrylamide Copolymers: Synergistic Effects of Amine, Amide and Catechol Residues in Mussel-Inspired Adhesives

Authors:
Lorand Bonda 1, Janita Müller 1, Lukas Fischer 2, Maryna Löwe 3, Alexej Kedrov 3 , Stephan Schmidt 1,4,*and Laura Hartmann 1,4,*

Journal:
Polymers 2023, 15, 3663. Doi.org/10.3390/polym15183663

Institute:

1 Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; bolor100@hhu.de (L.B.); 
2 Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany;
3 Synthetische Membransysteme, Institut für Biochemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf,Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
4 Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31,79104 Freiburg, Germany
* Correspondence: stephan.schmidt@hhu.de (S.S.); laura.hartmann@hhu.de (L.H.)

Abstract:

 
The straightforward synthesis of polyamide-derived statistical copolymers with catechol,amine, amide and hydroxy residues via free radical polymerization is presented. In particular,catechol, amine and amide residues are present in natural mussel foot proteins, enabling strong
underwater adhesion due to synergistic effects where cationic residues displace hydration and ion layers, followed by strong short-rang hydrogen bonding between the catechol or primary amides and SiO2 surfaces. The present study is aimed at investigating whether such synergistic effects also exist for statistical copolymer systems that lack the sequence-defined positioning of functional groups in mussel foot proteins. A series of copolymers is established and the adsorption in saline solutions on SiO2 is determined by quartz crystal microbalance measurements and ellipsometry.
These studies confirm a synergy between cationic amine groups with catechol units and primary amide groups via an increased adsorptivity and increased polymer layer thicknesses. Therefore, the free radical polymerization of catechol, amine and amide monomers as shown here may lead tosimplified mussel-inspired adhesives that can be prepared with the readily scalable methods required for large-scale applications.