2023 Intrinsically Cross-Linked ECM-Like Multilayers for BMP-2 Delivery Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of Cells
Authors:
, , , , , , , ,
Journal:
Journal: Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2023, 2201596., doi.org/10.1002/admi.202201596
Institute:
a Department of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
b Biochemical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4, 06120 Halle Saale, Germany
c Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Walter-Hülse-Straße 1, 06120 Halle Saale, Germany
d Interdisciplinary Center of Material Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099, Halle (Saale), Germany
e Interdisciplinary Center of Material Research and Interdisciplinary Center of Applied Research, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06099 Saale, Germany
Abstract:
Surface coatings prepared by layer-by-layer technique permit loading of growth factors (GFs) and their spatially controlled release. Here, native chondroitin sulfate (nCS), oxidized CS (oCS100), or mixture of both (oCS50) are combined with collagen I (Col I) to fabricate polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) that exhibit structural, mechanical, and biochemical cues like the natural extracellular-matrix. The use of oCS enables intrinsic cross-linking of PEM that offers higher stability, stiffness, and better control of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) release compared to nCS. oCS100 PEMs have enhanced stiffness, promote Col I fibrillization, and present BMP-2 in a matrix-bound manner. oCS50 PEMs show intermediate effects on osteogenesis, soft surface, high water content but also moderately slow BMP-2 release profile. C2C12 myoblasts used for osteogenesis studies show that oCS PEMs are more stable and superior to nCS PEMs in supporting cell adhesion and spreading as well as in presenting BMP-2 to the cells. oCS PEMs are triggering more osteogenesis as proved by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immune and histochemical staining. These findings show that intrinsic cross-linking in oCS/Col I multilayers provides a successful tool to control GFs delivery and subsequent cell differentiation which opens new opportunities in regenerative therapies of bone and other tissues.